You can read on meta and on the main politics site for a while to get a feeling for the site specific policies on politics.
For me, the most different aspects are the two top community-specific close reasons. The first is useful in limiting idle speculation, and the alternative (What have experts said about it?) usually results in better questions.
The second custom close reason "primary purpose of this question appears to be to promote or discredit a specific political cause, group or politician" limits extremely unbalanced questions and works surprisingly well when used sparingly.
And the general focus on one topic per question only (not politics specific) helps in keeping general debate from spilling over. Also mods are indeed cleaning up conversational comments.
As for the voting, well it depends on everyone being able to vote somewhat objectively on content, e.g. upvote it when it is clear and useful even if one doesn't agree.
It's an experiment and it could easily fail with the wrong kind of people but interestingly it doesn't for many years now in my opinion. Contributions are fairly weighted and typically informative.
Of course there is some bias and I would not trust the scores too much, rather look at the content. And it certainly requires ongoing effort to keep it that way.